ARISTOTLES BARON_MUNCHHAUSEN BARON_MUNCHHAUSEN_ANNOUNCER BETTY BETTY_BARON_MUNCHHAUSEN COPERNICUS GALILEO GIORDANO_BRUNO MAN_IN_WHITE_ROBE MAYOR_OF_PISA MR_FASTIDIOUS MURDOCK MURRAY BARON MUNCHHAUSEN ANNOUNCER Baron Munchhausen presents Mind Blowing Breakthroughs BARON MUNCHHAUSEN ANNOUNCER Tonight Galileo Galilei Part 1. Reason over common sense BARON MUNCHHAUSEN "Ladies and Gentlemen! For much of recorded history, it was believed that our world WAS the center of the Universe, and that the stars and the rest of the skies orbited around us. " BARON MUNCHHAUSEN The belief persisted because its foundation seemed to make so much sense: BARON MUNCHHAUSEN if the gods created man to inhabit the earth, then it was logical to assume that the earth was, of course, at the centre of the Universe. BARON MUNCHHAUSEN our special guest; the man who dared to challenged that assumption BARON MUNCHHAUSEN he was born in a universe that was supposed to be perfect, tidy and clean BARON MUNCHHAUSEN Ladies and Gentlemen, let me introduce tonight’s special guest: GALILEO GALILEI! GALILEO BARON MUNCHHAUSEN Galileo? What are you doing there? BARON MUNCHHAUSEN Come here, and tell us about the great, incredibly brilliant Universe! GALILEO At the University of Pisa, I studied Aristotelian physics, according to which, objects with a smaller mass should fall more slowly than objects with a greater mass. “Common sense” inevitably dictated that the stone would land before the paper. GALILEO But I thought that “common sense” was wrong. MURDOCK Flowers for My Queen! BARON MUNCHHAUSEN Galileo, stubbornly proposed that all objects should fall at the same speed. MURDOCK BETTY Here you go Galileo, take this GALILEO thank you Betty GALILEO I started to experiment with balls of an equal size but formed of different materials GALILEO The error in Aristotelian thought was that it didn't considered uneven contact with the air, because different objects produced varying amounts of air resistance. BARON MUNCHHAUSEN Ok, ok! Enough already! We get the point MR FASTIDIOUS MAYOR OF PISA Galileo! That's enough of the experiments! One of these days you’re going to make that tower lean over… BARON MUNCHHAUSEN Yes, yes… That’s right! His experiments of dropping objects and rolling them down slopes proved this was true. BETTY The greatest version of your experiment was undertaken on the moon by the astronauts from Apollo 15. BETTY An astronaut dropped a feather and a hammer. With the Moon’s lack of atmosphere, there was no resistance from the air, which clearly showed that YOU WERE ABSOLUTELY CORRECT: both objects fell at the same speed, arriving on the surface of the moon at exactly the same time BETTY Everybody, understand? BARON MUNCHHAUSEN It really is an incredible discovery. Isn't it? BARON MUNCHHAUSEN All right. Before we hear about the wonders of the universe why don’t you tell us a little about yourself. Lets start form the beginning. BARON MUNCHHAUSEN Galileo, you were born the eldest of six siblings in Pisa in 1564. GALILEO Yes, I studied physics and later mathematics. I found mathematics fascinating… When I realised that mathematics allow us to explain the logic behind things… I couldn´t concentrate on anything else. BARON MUNCHHAUSEN Aha, I see! You wanted to explain the principles of the Universe with mathematics! Well then, Let’s just move on to the most exciting part of the evening then! BARON MUNCHHAUSEN Galileo, please tell us what you discovered about the Universe! GALILEO : Mmm.. Actually, I don’t really want to talk about that… MR. FASTIDIOUS They sell the tickets! And then they don’t perform the show! This theater is a waste of time! Let’s go to the theater across the street! I hear they have a very funny show! GALILEO OK, OK… I’ll talk. But you must be ready to listen because it’s an astonishing story, of our incredible, gigantic and amazing Universe! GALILEO The teachers I had when I was young insisted OUR PLANET WAS AT THE CENTER OF THE WHOLE UNIVERSE.They said everything rotated around the earth. BARON MUNCHHAUSEN Why did they think that? Tell us about it Galileo, tell us! GALILEO Because if GOD created the world, then he must have created it PERFECTLY. GALILEO However, when you carefully observe the other planets in our Solar System, you discover that it isn’t the sun that orbits the earth, but the earth, together with the other planets that orbit the SUN. That means that the earth, is just another planet in the Solar System, and definitely not the center of the universe… MR. FASTIDIOUS So are you are trying to say the earth is moving? The earth isn't moving… if it was moving I’d be able to feel it. and It’s not stirring at all! BARON MUNCHHAUSEN MR. FASTIDIOUS BETTY It isn’t standing still. The earth rotates on its axis at a speed of 1,647 kilometers an hour over the equator. And that’s not all: BETTY as well as turning on its axis, like a gigant spining top, the earth travels around the sun at speeds of up to 107,000 km an hour. BETTY Whether we realize it or not, there is not one single moment in time in which we are completely still… GALILEO This is bad. This is very bad. The people of my time also thought like him… GALILEO : You know, even some of the ancient Greeks thought that the SUN was in the center, with the planets going around it. For example Aristarchus of Samos. GALILEO: Unfortunately, another philosopher of the same era named ARISTOTLE was much more POPULAR than Aristarchus, GALILEO : and while the majority of Aristotle’s work endured through time becoming the foundation of thought in the Middle Ages, most of Aristarchus’s work was lost forever. GALILEO : It was sad, very sad indeed. Everybody just kept on beleiving whatever they were told. BARON MUNCHHAUSEN But during those times, there were people who defended those first ideas of Aristarchus, weren't there? BARON MUNCHHAUSEN Like Copernicus here. GALILEO Well, yes. That's my dear colleague Nicholas Copernicus, a Polish monk with a passion for mathematics and astronomy… COPERNICUS If the Earth is the center of the universe… I can’t explain the movement of other planets. But if the Sun was in the center of the Universe, and the earth revolved around it, like the other planets, we would find the reason why the other planets are always whimsically changing their courses. GALILEO My distinguished collegue's revolutionary ideas slowly became popular across Europe after his death. Thanks to these ideas, I and many other people are able to elaborate our HELIO CENTRIC models of the Universe BETTY HELIO-CENTRIC means that the SUN is the center of our Solar System, and the earth and all the other planets revolve around it. Geocentric means that the EARTH is the center. Inspired by Copernicus’s idea, You proved Heliocentrism to be a fact! Didn’t you Gelileo? GALILEO Me? Mmm.. well, maybe I did and maybe I didn’t… GALILEO Oh.. this is all a bit too familiar… BETTY BARON MUNCHHAUSEN Galileo, Galileo!!! / Are you OK, Galileo!? BARON MUNCHHAUSEN Galileo? Galileo? Wake up! We've got a show to do! BARON MUNCHHAUSEN Around the end of the fifteenth Century, in the year 1473, Nicholas Copernicus had managed to develop a brand new model of the Universe. GALILEO Copernicus’s book was called: On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres. It was of great use to me. His ideas spread throughout Europe and not only did it help shape the way we thought about the Earth’s place in the universe but also about our own place. BARON MUNCHHAUSEN Copernicus paved the way to discovering the incredible secrets of our Universe! buuut… it was not easy: such a daring model would require evidence. GALILEO Sometimes evidence wasn’t enough! Let’s not forget that, in those days, if someone disagreed with the church they ran the risk of being declared a heretic and suffering an unpleasant fate! We were risking our lives! MURRAY But you were telling the truth. The Earth was not the center of the Universe. Why would they punish you for it? It just seems so ridiculous! BARON MUNCHHAUSEN : Exactly! Many people died simply because they had told the “truth”. MURRAY You can’t be serious! You’re making that up! GALILEO : No, it was true. Look over here... MAN IN WHITE ROBE Giordano Bruno: do you still maintain the heretical denial that the Earth is the center of the Universe? Muahahaha… GIORDANO BRUNO HAHAHA! The universe is infinite. The Earth is not at the center of the Universe, it is just one of the many planets in it. Everything in the universe is equaly important. GIORDANO BRUNO But you can’t hide the truth behind religion! I think you’re more afraid of judging me than I am of being judged. OhohohAH! BARON MUNCHHAUSEN Giordano Bruno was a colleague of Galileo. And he insisted the Universe is infinite and our Earth and Sun are just a part of it. So he was burned at the stake in 1600. Throughout history, Great, Amazing and Brilliant Discoveries were often met by great opposition. BARON MUNCHHAUSEN ANNOUNCER Coming up on Mind-Blowing Breakthroughs GALILEO I began using my telescopes to observe the Moon in detail I built many, many telescopes, each on with greater magnification. BARON MUNCHHAUSEN On January 7, 1610 Galileo was observing the planet Jupiter with his telescope. This discovery meant that there were other celestial bodies revolving around other planets….not the Earth! ARISTOTLES Wait! Wait ! It doesn’t make any sense! ARISTOTLES No! BARON MUNCHHAUSEN Galileo’s telescope unlocked the door to exploring the cosmos in a brand new way. As a result of his findings, the world began to be thought of completely differently.